Vibrations and Waves :
Vibration : The oscillating, reciprocating, or other periodic motion of a rigid or elastic body or medium forced from a position or state of equilibrium.
Vibration : The oscillating, reciprocating, or other periodic motion of a rigid or elastic body or medium forced from a position or state of equilibrium.
Wave : a wave is disturbance or oscillation that travels through matter/space, accompanied by a transfer of energy. Wave motion transfers energy from one point to another, often with no permanent displacement of the particles of the medium—that is, with little or no associated mass transport.
Wave period : For counts per unit of time, the SI unit for frequency is hertz (Hz), named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz; 1 Hz means that an event repeats once per second. A previous name for this unit was cycles per second (cps).
Crests : A crest is the point on a wave with the maximum value or upward displacement within a cycle.
Troughs : A trough is the opposite of a crest, so the minimum or lowest point in a cycle.
Amplitude : the maximum displacement or distance moved by a point on a vibrating body or wave measured from its equilibrium position. It is equal to one-half the length of the vibration path.
Wavelength : Wavelength of a sine wave, λ, can be measured between any two points with the same phase, such as between crests, or troughs, or corresponding zero crossings as shown. In physics, the wavelength of a sinusoidal wave is the spatial period of the wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.
Frequency : the number of crests of a wave that move past a given point in a given unit of time. The most common unit of frequency is the hertz (Hz), corresponding to one crest per second.
Hertz : is a unit of frequency, defined as the number of complete cycles of a periodic signal that take place in one second. For example, the frequency of sound waves is usually reported in units of Hertz.
Transverse wave : a wave in which the direction of displacement is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, as a surface wave of water.
Longitudinal waves : a wave in which the direction of displacement is the same as the direction of propagation, as a sound wave.
Doppler Effect : is the change in frequency of a wave (or other periodic event) for an observer moving relative to its source.
Blue shift : a shift toward shorter wavelengths of the spectral lines of a celestial object, caused by the motion of the object toward the observer.
Red shift : Wavelength increases up towards the red and beyond (frequency decreases). In physics, redshift happens when light or other electromagnetic radiation from an object is increased in wavelength, or shifted to the red end of the spectrum.
Shock wave : a region of abrupt change of pressure and density moving as a wave front at or above the velocity of sound, caused by an intense explosion or supersonic flow over a body.
Sonic boom : shock wave that is produced by an aircraft or other object flying at a speed equal to or exceeding the speed of sound and that is heard on the ground as a sound like a clap of thunder.